Можно ли пеноплексом утеплить деревянный дом снаружи: Можно ли утеплять деревянный дом Пеноплексом и как это сделать правильно

Чем утеплить деревянный дом снаружи своими рукамиУтеплить деревянный дом снаружи

Перед тем, как принять окончательное решение и определить, чем утеплить деревянный дом снаружи, необходимо грамотно подобрать все стройматериалы. При этом, нужно понимать, что любое строение из дерева, имеет свои, индивидуальные особенности и требования. А так-же, не будет лишнем, ответить на вопрос: «Почему древесина, на протяжение многих веков, сохраняет свою популярность?». Ведь в грамотном ответе, можно найти много полезных подсказок, которые помогут, в дальнейшем, провести правильное утепление деревянного дома, с наружной стороны.

Основные причины, которые сопутствуют, долгой популярности древесины:

1. Довольно приличные теплотехнические показатели;
2. Создание комфортного, благоприятного микроклимата;
3. Хорошая экологичность;
4. Должная безопасность;
5. Способность пропускать воздух (дерево «дышит»).

Главное требование, при утепление деревянного дома снаружи ‒ это, чтобы тепло-материал не понижал полезные свойства древесины, а наоборот, повышал ее показатели. Но не всегда, сделать теплоизоляцию здания из дерева своими руками, получается идеально. Поэтому, чтобы правильно подобрать эффективный утеплитель, потребуется потратить некоторое время, на изучение и освоение, основной информации, по данному вопросу.

Утеплить деревянный дом снаружи ‒ Пирог стены

Перед тем, как правильно утеплить деревянный дом снаружи, необходимо изучить состав стены. После должного ознакомления, можно приступать к выбору всех, требуемых стройматериалов. Технология утепления деревянного дома снаружи своими руками, предусматривает наличие, обязательных слоев:

• Пароизоляция;
• утеплитель;
• гидроизоляция;
• наружная облицовка.

Пирог утепления бревенчатого домаПирог утепления каркасного дома

Многие виды теплоизоляционного изделия, быстро разрушаются или перестают, при воздействие влаги, выполнять на должном уровне, свои функции. А вот, пароизоляция и гидроизоляция, позволяет качественно защитить тепло-материал, от негатива водной среды.

Утеплить деревянный дом снаружи ‒ Выбор утеплителя

Чем-же утеплить деревянный дом снаружи своими руками? Какой теплоизолятор, позволит быстро и с минимальными, физическими и финансовыми, вложениями, положительно решить проблему? На все эти и сопутствующие вопросы, мы постараемся подробно, развернуто ответить, далее в нашем, информационном материале.

Сегодня, на строительном рынке, самыми популярными и доступными, теплоизолирующими изделиями, являются:

• Минеральная вата;
• пенопласт;
• экструдированный пенополистирол или Пеноплекс.

Каждый их этих тепло-изделий, имеет как определенные преимущества, так и весомые недостатки. Поэтому, прежде чем решить, как и чем утеплить дом из дерева своими руками, быстро, недорого и качественно, требуется подробно изучить вопрос.

Пенопласт

Утеплить деревянный дом снаружи самостоятельно, используя этот теплоизолятор, выйдет дешевле всего. Приобрести пенопласт, не составит большого труда. Существуют различные виды, данного стройматериала. Как правило, виды делятся, в зависимости от прочности. Пенопласт имеет, достаточно приличные теплоизоляционные показатели. Помимо положительных качеств, тепло-изделие, имеет так-же и серьезные недостатки:

• Сильная горючесть материала;
• довольно низкая прочность;
• малая устойчивость, к механическим воздействиям.

Помимо этого, при утепление стен деревянного дома своими руками, не рекомендуются использовать пенопласт, так как изделие, практически не «дышит» (не пропускает воздух). Поэтому, все полезные качества и свойства древесины, за которые ценят этот стройматериал, будут сильно нивелироваться и сводиться к нолю. Словом, утеплять любое здание из дерева пенопластом, достаточно бессмысленное и не практичное решение проблемы.

Утепление деревянного дома снаружи пенопластом

К тому-же, в помещение хоть и будет тепло, но из-за недостатка вентиляции, сильно нарушиться температурно-влажностный режим. При такой теплоизоляции, естественный воздухообмен невозможен. Потребуется дополнительно, обустройство принудительной вентиляции или системы кондиционирования. Оба варианта, как правило, предполагают не малые финансовые расходы, как в процессе строительства, так и в период эксплуатации, капитального строения.

Защита пенопласта от влаги

Стоит так-же знать, что пенопласт нуждается в обязательной защите, от воздействия влажной среды. Хоть производители и заявляют, что утепление деревянных стен пенопластом не требует дополнительной защиты и изделие не впитывает воду, но это не совсем так.

Конечно, сами полистирольные шарики достаточно устойчивы к влаге. А вот пространство между ними, очень благоприятная среда, где, как правило, и накапливается вода. Сам факт накопления не был бы страшен, если не физические свойства воды. Все мы знаем, из школьной программы, что при замерзание вода расширяется. Такое явление, негативно сказывается на теплоизолятор. Оно способствует, к быстрому разрушению целостности тепло-изделия. А значит, к серьезной потере, основных теплозащитных функций, строительного материала.

Когда вода расширяется внутри конструкции изделия, увеличивается давление. Конечный результат плачевен, пенопласт теряет форму и рассыпается на отдельные шарики. Требуется срочная замена наружного утепления, которая влечет за собой, дополнительные физические и финансовые вложения.

Судя из выше перечисленного, утепление стен снаружи деревянного дома пенопластом, не целесообразно. А вот, например, для перекрытий подвала и чердачного, такая теплоизоляция будет на много эффективной и практичной. Единственное требование, обратить должное внимание гидроизоляции. Если, указанной выше, информации не достаточно, то рекомендуем прочитать, подробную статью: «Можно ли утеплять деревянный дом пенопластом?».

Экструдированный пенополистирол

Для того, чтобы выполнить качественное утепление стен деревянного дома снаружи, можно использовать «Пеноплекс» ‒ экструдированный пенополистирол. Теплоизолятор считается ближайшим родственником пенопласта, но по свойствам, лишен большей части его недостатков. Что несомненно говорит, о более высокой эффективности и практичности, этого тепло-материла.

Стоит сразу отметить, что утепление деревянных домов экструдированным пенополистиролом, гарантирует большую прочность, теплоизоляционной конструкции. Пеноплекс значительно устойчив к нагрузкам и механическим воздействиям, а так-же, имеет хорошую влагостойкость. Данный утеплитель, для стен и перекрытий, можно без опаски, использовать да-же без должной пароизоляции и гидроизоляции.

К серьезным, веским преимуществам «Пеноплекс», можно отнести:

• Довольно высокую энергоэффективность;
• простоту в монтаже;
• легкость в обработке;
• безопасность и экологичность.

Деревянный дом, утепленный пеноплексом снаружи

Но все-же, как и у пенопласта, есть недостаток ‒ низкая воздухопроницаемость. Без сооружения дополнительной, должной вентиляции, эффекта парника в доме, не избежать. Более подробно, о теплоизоляторе, можно узнать в статье: «Утепление стен изнутри Пеноплексом своими руками».

Все-же, для теплоизоляции здания из дерева снаружи, Пеноплекс применять не рекомендуется, а вот для различных перекрытий, тепло-изделие станет идеальным решением. Такой материал, практически не боится нагрузок. Достаточно, поверх утеплителя, сделать цементную стяжку, толщиной от 30 до 50 мм. Экструдированный пенополистирол, можно применять как для пола первого этажа, так и для чердачного перекрытия. Не редко, «Пеноплекс» приобретают, для утепления полов по грунту.

Схема утепления полов Пеноплексом

Благодаря, сравнительно высокой устойчивости к влаге, можно обойтись и без гидроизоляции. Но, для слишком влажных помещений, типа душевой, ванной или санузла, все-же рекомендуется сделать, качественную гидроизоляцию. Такие дополнительные меры, позволят подстраховать и защитить должным образом от воды, потолок и утеплитель, при различных протечках.

Минеральная вата

Каким утеплителем лучше защитить стены деревянного здания? Оптимальный ответ, как для старого деревянного дома, так и для нового, лучшим вариантом, является минеральная вата. Она ни только позволяет сохранить все полезные характеристики дерева, но и нивелирует большинство недостатков.

Утеплить стены деревянного дома снаружи минватой, значит предотвратить возгорание. Так как основная часть тепло-изделий, этой группы, относится к негорючим стройматериалам. Такое положительное свойство, выгодно отличает минвату, от пенопласта и пеноплекса.

Утепление деревянного дома минватой

Утепление стен в деревянном доме снаружи минватой, предполагает хорошую воздухопроницаемость. При использование, данного теплоизолятора, не нужно прибегать к мерам дополнительной вентиляции, так как стены продолжат «дышать». Но все-же, фасадной отделке, в этом случае, нужно уделить особое внимание. В противном случае, есть большая вероятность, испортить все на последнем этапе, строительных работ.

Основная область применения минваты, в деревянном доме – это стены и кровля. Укладывать минеральную вату в перекрытия, категорически запрещено. Она имеет достаточно низкую прочностью и со временем сожмется. Такой негатив, приведет к снижению теплоизоляционных характеристик и сильному повреждению конструкции пола. Допускается теплоизолировать ватой, конструкцию чердачного перекрытия. Очень эффективно и практично, утеплять минватой крышу.

Какой минватой можно утеплить стены деревянного дома

Можно утеплить стены деревянного дома минватой своими руками, с использованием трех, основных видов тепло-материала:

❶ Каменной (базальтовая). Производится, как правило, в плитах и обладает, в сравнение с другими видами, достаточно высокой жесткостью. Проводить монтажные действия, таким видом утеплителя, очень удобно. Изделие легко режется и безопасно для человека.

Базальтовая – Каменная вата

❷ Стеклянной. Выпускается, как правило, в рулонах (матах). Если сравнивать с предыдущим видом, то жесткость не так высока. К серьезным недостаткам, можно отнести неудобства при монтаже. Так-же, стеклянные волокна легко проникают в легкие и попадают на кожу, вызывая сильный зуд и раздражения. Поэтому, перед тем как утеплить деревянный дом, необходимо приобрести комплект спецодежды: костюм, маску-респиратор, перчатки.

Стекловата

❸ Шлаковой. Один из самых дешевых и нежелательных видов теплоизолятора. Изделие, такого типа, изготавливается из промышленных отходов. Такая минвата, будет представлять реальный вред для здоровья и жизни обитателей дома, так как может содержать опасные химические вещества. Такой утеплитель, стоит покупать только у проверенных, наиболее ответственных поставщиков, которые дают 100% гарантию, на качество своей продукции.

Шлаковата

Пароизоляция и гидроизоляция

Чтобы дать развернутый и точный ответ на вопрос: «Как правильно утеплить деревянный дом снаружи?», необходимо знать и понимать, что пароизоляция укладывается только со стороны теплого воздуха, а гидроизоляция со стороны холодного. А так-же, что внешний и внутренний материал, может иметь вид, пленки и мембраны. Для построек из дерева, рекомендуется выбирать последний вид конструкции. Так как, пленка практически не пропускают воздух, а мембрана «дышит». Подробней, в статье: «Пароизоляция стен деревянного дома».

Схема расположения пароизоляционных слоев

P.S. Перед тем, как утеплить старый деревянный дом снаружи своими руками, необходимо проверить состояние стен, перекрытий и кровли. Очистить от грязи и пыли. Если требуется, выполнить усиление стройконструкции. Провести должную обработку, от плесени и грибка. Изложенные мероприятия, позволят значительно продлить срок службы, деревянной постройки.

90000 Floor insulation: how to make your home warmer by insulating old floors 90001 90002 In the quest to make our homes warmer and more efficient, floor insulation is often overlooked. Unfortunately, in old homes this is a common place for heat to escape, so it’s worth thinking about how insulation can make them more thermally efficient, hold heat for longer and protect your home from damp. 90003 90002 Original floors represent a precious link with the past — their wonderful undulations and patina of age telling of the passage of generations of feet and the knocks and spills of everyday life.So the challenge is to add insulation without destroying the character of the original flooring. 90003 90002 It’s also important that insulating floors does not cause dampness within the structure, which may result in decay and damage over time. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 Lifting original tiles to add floor insulation can be detrimental to their character and needs to be tackled with the utmost care. Number them to ensure they are relaid in the same positions 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Roger Hunt) 90003 90016 Which type of floor? 90017 90002 Floors are constructed in two ways, either suspended or solid.90019 Suspended timber floors 90020 consist of floorboards nailed to joists, often carried on ‘sleeper’ walls of brick. It is important that the underside of a suspended floor is ventilated to avoid the build up of moisture. 90003 90002 To achieve this, grilles are incorporated at the base of the walls to allow a cross draught. This often has the downside of resulting in draughts within the room. 90003 90002 90019 Solid floors 90020 of brick, tile or stone were frequently laid directly on to soil, sometimes with a bed of lime mortar or sand.Consequently, they can be cold to the touch and are difficult to thermally insulate. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 In historic and listed homes, insulating under floorboards requires the utmost sensitivity and care, and may be best avoided 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Brent Darby) 90003 90016 How to insulate a suspended timber floor 90017 90038 More from Period Living 90039 90002 90003 90002 (Image credit: Period Living) 90003 90002 90011 Period Living 90012 is the UK’s best-selling period homes magazine.Get inspiration, ideas and advice straight to your door every month with a subscription. 90003 90002 There are two priorities with suspended floors: improving the thermal insulation and draughtproofing. If there’s access from below, for example a crawl space or cellar, installing insulation is fairly straightforward. 90003 90002 The easiest method is to push quilt-type insulation into the spaces between the joists from below. This is supported with plastic garden netting tacked into place. To provide additional insulation, tongue-and-groove wood-fibre board can be fixed to the undersides of the joists.90003 90002 Insulating from above is more complex and will mean lifting floorboards. This has to be done carefully and, even then, is likely to result in damage, so is not an option if the floor is valuable aesthetically or historically. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 Where possible, it’s best to avoid taking up original floorboards to insulate a suspended timber floor. However, if you do go down that route, remove only a few at a time, and number and map them to ensure they can be correctly refitted 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Historic Scotland) 90003 90002 Unless major renovation work is being undertaken, it’s best to lift only a small number of boards at any one time, otherwise you’re likely to destabilise the joists and sleeper walls below.90003 90002 By laying garden netting over the joists so it forms troughs, quilt insulation can be laid to fill the spaces between the joists. Another option is to use a breathable membrane and then to fill the troughs with cellulose (recycled newspaper) insulation. 90003 90002 Alternatively, foil-faced foam or woodfibre insulation boards can be fitted between the joists, supported on timber battens. This can sometimes be achieved by lifting occasional floorboards and sliding the insulation into place.90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 From above or below? It’s easier to insulate if there’s access to the floor from below, and you will not have to disrupt the floorboards — here (left), quilt insulation is pushed between the joists. When insulating from above (right), a loose-fill insulation such as cellulose is breathable and will fit into every nook and cranny 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Roger Hunt) 90003 90016 Draughtproofing a timber floor 90017 90002 It is worth remembering that insulation on its own does not necessarily stop draughts so you will need to 90079 ensure all gaps are filled 90080, otherwise you’ll still feel the chill and energy will be wasted because heat is being lost.90003 90002 There are many draught strips designed to go between wooden floorboards and you can find them in most DIY stores. These can easily be slotted in the gaps (and they expand with movement) to decrease draughts and heat loss. 90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 Draught-proofing suspended timber floors 90012 90011 is relatively easy using proprietary draught strip systems such as 90012 90011 DraughtEx 90012 90011 or 90012 90011 StopGap 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Roger Hunt) 90003 90016 How to insulate a solid floor 90017 90002 By their very nature, traditional solid floors may be slightly damp as the tiles, bricks or flags that form their surface are in direct contact with the ground below.For this reason the floor must be able to ‘breathe’, otherwise moisture will be trapped, potentially resulting in damp problems within your home. 90003 90002 It is no surprise that excessive dampness will make a floor colder. Where damp is evident, ensure external ground levels are lower than the floor, and drains and gullies are not blocked; also check that water pipes are not leaking. 90003 90002 Without lifting solid floors, it’s difficult to introduce any permanent thermal insulation, but coir or other breathable floor coverings can help.Avoid covering the floor with impermeable insulation materials or rubber-backed carpets, as they’ll trap moisture. 90003 90002 Where concrete floor slabs have replaced earlier floors, they may include a damp-proof membrane (DPM) but, unless laid comparatively recently, they might not be well insulated. 90003 90002 Where floors do include a DPM and show no evidence of moisture, laying a floating wooden floor or thermal underlay with a carpet on top is often the easiest means of improving their thermal performance.90003 90002 90003 90002 90011 A traditional solid tiled floor is usually in direct contact with the ground below. If it is not able to breathe it could result in damp, due to trapped moisture 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Douglas Gibb) 90003 90016 Top tips for insulating a floor 90017 90122 90123 Remember to seal all the gaps between the skirting board and the floor to prevent draughts. This needs to be done before a fitted carpet is laid, as it will not be possible afterwards. 90124 90123 Ensure you insulate thoroughly but avoid squashing insulation material, as this will seriously compromise its effectiveness.90124 90123 Consider underfloor heating if replacing a floor as this can provide a comfortable and energy efficient means of heating, especially when used in conjunction with solid floors. 90124 90123 Refrain from lifting an old floor without good reason, as it will never look the same when relaid and you may upset the equilibrium of the building. 90124 90123 Always number floorboards, flagstones, bricks or tiles with chalk if they are being lifted temporarily. 90124 90123 Do not inhibit the ability of a solid floor to ‘breathe’ by topping with impermeable layers.90124 90123 Do not obstruct external air vents under suspended timber floors, as air movement is essential to prevent damp and decay to the timber. 90124 90137 90002 90003 90002 90011 This original floor is undulating after centuries of wear 90012 90003 90002 (Image credit: Paul Dixon) 90003 90016 Replacing a concrete floor 90017 90002 If a concrete floor is being replaced because it is causing damp or other problems, limecrete offers an alternative. 90003 90002 This material is similar to concrete but does not contain cement, consisting instead of lime and aggregate, and so provides a floor slab that is vapour permeable.90003 90002 Limecrete floors are increasing widely available from suppliers such as Mike Wye & Associates and Ty-Mawr Lime; they can be insulated efficiently and can successfully incorporate underfloor heating. 90003 90016 More renovation advice 90017 .90000 English Listening Lesson on Houses 90001 90002 THE LESSON ON HOUSES 90003 90004 Try the online quiz, reading, listening, and activities on grammar, spelling and vocabulary for this lesson on 90005 Houses 90006. Click on the links above or see the activities below this article: 90007 90008 Your browser does not support this audio player. 90002 READ 90003 90011 90012 90013 90004 All houses are unique. Even if they look the same from the outside, they are very different on the inside.I think houses are very interesting. I like looking at the way they are built and the style they are built in. In London there are many houses that are hundreds of years old. These are beautiful. You can still see much of the original wood and stone structure. Modern houses are also interesting. It’s funny how they copy many of the features of older houses. I love looking at houses when I travel. Every country has its own special designs, from Japan to Arabia to Greece. Nowadays people are building eco-friendly houses.They want houses that save energy and help protect the planet. 90007 90016 90017 90012 90013 90016 90017 90022 90023 90024 MY e-BOOK 90025 90026 90008 SEE A SAMPLE 90023 90004 Mail this lesson to friends and teachers. Click the @ below. 90008 90031 90007 90002 THE ACTIVITIES 90003 90002 LISTENING GAP FILL 90003 90004 All houses _______________________. Even if they look the same from the outside, they are very different _______________________.I think houses are very interesting. I like looking _______________________ they are built and the style they _______________________. In London there are many houses that are hundreds of years old. These are beautiful. You can _______________________ of the original wood and stone structure. Modern houses are also interesting. It’s funny _______________________ many of the features of older houses. I love looking _______________________ I travel. Every country has its own _______________________, from Japan to Arabia to Greece.Nowadays people are building _______________________ houses. They want houses _______________________ and help protect the planet. 90007 90002 CORRECT THE SPELLING 90003 90004 All houses are 90042 iqneuu 90043. Even if they look the same from the outside, they are very different on the 90042 eiinsd 90043. I think houses are very interesting. I like looking at the way they are built and the 90042 tesyl 90043 they are built in. In London there are many houses that are 90042 hduesrnd 90043 of years old.These are beautiful. You can still see much of the 90042 rongilai 90043 wood and stone 90042 ruesrttcu 90043. Modern houses are also interesting. It’s funny how they copy many of the 90042 setfraeu 90043 of older houses. I love looking at houses when I travel. Every country has its own special designs, from Japan to Arabia to Greece. Nowadays people are building eco- 90042 nreifdly 90043 houses. They want houses that save 90042 yeergn 90043 and help protect the 90042 ntaelp 90043. 90007 90002 UNJUMBLE THE WORDS 90003 90004 All houses are unique.90042 if Even same the look they 90043 from the outside, 90042 different the they very on inside are 90043. I think houses are very interesting. I like looking at the way they are built 90042 the they built and style are in 90043. In London there are many 90042 that hundreds years houses are of old 90043. These are beautiful. You can 90042 still much the wood see of original 90043 and stone structure. Modern houses are also interesting. It’s funny how they copy many of the features of older houses.90042 love looking at houses when I travel I 90043. Every country has its own special designs, from Japan to Arabia to Greece. 90042 building — Nowadays are eco friendly people 90043 houses. They want 90042 houses energy save that 90043 and help protect the planet. 90007 90002 DISCUSSION (Write your own questions) 90003 90085 90012 90087 90004 90089 90042 STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS 90043 (Do not show these to student B) 90092 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 1.90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 2. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 3. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 4.90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 5. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 6. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90022 90085 90012 90087 90004 90089 90042 STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS 90043 (Do not show these to student A) 90092 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 1.90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 2. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 3. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 4.90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 5. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90097 90004 6. 90007 90016 90097 90004 ________________________________________________________ 90007 90016 90017 90022 90002 STUDENT HOUSES SURVEY 90003 90004 Write five GOOD questions about houses in the table.Do this in pairs. Each student must write the questions on his / her own paper. 90007 90004 When you have finished, interview other students. Write down their answers. 90007 90235 90012 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90242 STUDENT 1 90007 90242 _____________ 90007 90016 90087 90242 STUDENT 2 90007 90242 _____________ 90007 90016 90237 90242 STUDENT 3 90007 90242 _____________ 90007 90016 90017 90012 90237 90004 Q.1. 90007 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90087 90004 90007 90016 90017 90012 90237 90004 Q.2. 90007 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90087 90004 90007 90016 90017 90012 90237 90004 Q.3. 90007 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90087 90004 90007 90016 90017 90012 90237 90004 Q.4. 90007 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90087 90004 90007 90016 90017 90012 90237 90004 Q.5. 90007 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90237 90004 90007 90016 90087 90004 90007 90016 90017 90012 90013 90016 90013 90016 90013 90016 90013 90016 90013 90016 90017 90022 90373 90374 Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found out.Change partners often. 90375 90374 Make mini-presentations to other groups on your findings. 90375 90378 90002 WRITING 90003 90004 90089 Write about houses for 10 minutes. Show your partner your paper. Correct each other’s work. 90092 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90242 ______________________________________________________________________________ 90007 90002 HOMEWORK 90003 90004 90089 1.VOCABULARY EXTENSION: 90092 Choose several of the words from the text. Use a dictionary or Google’s search field (or another search engine) to build up more associations / collocations of each word. 90007 90004 90089 2. INTERNET INFO: 90092 Search the Internet and find more information about houses. Talk about what you discover with your partner (s) in the next lesson. 90007 90004 90089 3. MAGAZINE ARTICLE: 90092 90089 90092 Write a magazine article about houses. Read what you wrote to your classmates in the next lesson.Give each other feedback on your articles. 90007 90004 90089 4. HOUSES POSTER 90092 90089 90092 Make a poster about houses. Show it to your classmates in the next lesson. Give each other feedback on your posters. 90007 90004 90089 5. MY HOUSES LESSON: 90092 90089 90092 Make your own English lesson on houses. Make sure there is a good mix of things to do. Find some good online activities. Teach the class / another group when you have finished. 90007 90004 90089 6. ONLINE SHARING: 90092 90089 90092 Use your blog, wiki, Facebook page, MySpace page, Twitter stream, Del-icio-us / StumbleUpon account, or any other social media tool to get opinions on houses.Share your findings with the class. 90007 90002 ANSWERS 90003 90004 Check your answers in the article at the top of this page. 90007 90008 90008 .90000 90001 CAE Reading and Use of English Practice Test 1 90002 90003 You are going to read a book review. For questions 90004 31-36 90005 choose the answer (90004 A 90005, 90004 B 90005, 90004 C 90005 or 90004 D 90005) which you think fits best according to the text. 90014 90015 90004 The Great Indoors: At Home in the Modern British House 90005 90018 90003 In 1910 the music hall comedian Billy Williams scored his biggest hit with the song 90020 When Father Papered the Parlour 90021, mocking the incompetence of the amateur home decorator.Fifty years later, comedians Norman Wisdom and Bruce Forsyth were still entertaining millions on the TV show 90020 Sunday Night at the London Palladium 90021 with a similar routine, but the joke was starting to look dated. The success of magazines such as 90020 The Practical Householder 90021 was already proving that, as the 1957 Ideal Home Exhibition proclaimed, «Do-it-yourself is a home hobby that is here to stay.» 90014 90003 By this stage, Britain had mostly completed its transition from primitive housing conditions, made bearable — for those who could afford it — by servants and handymen, into a world where families looked after themselves in highly serviced environments.Recognisably modern technology, in the form of telephones, televisions and electricity, had become ubiquitous and was to transform domestic living still further in the coming years. The makeover of British homes in the twentieth century is recounted in Ben Highmore’s entertaining and informative new book. He takes us on a whirlwind tour of an everyday house, from entrance hall to garden shed, illuminated by extensive reference to oral histories, popular magazines and personal memoirs. 90014 90003 At its centre, though, is the way that our homes have reflected wider social changes.There is the decline of formality, so that living rooms once full of heavy furniture and Victorian knick-knacks are now dominated by television screens and littered with children’s toys. There is a growing internationalism in taste. And there is the rise of domestic democracy, with the household radiogram and telephone (located in the hall) now replaced by iPads, laptops and mobiles in virtually every room. Key to that decentralisation of the home — and the implied shift of power within it — is the advent of central heating, which gets pride of place as the innovation that allowed the whole house to become accessible at all times of day and night.Telling an unruly child to ‘go to your room’ no longer seems much of a threat. 90014 90003 Highmore also documents, however, some less successful steps in the onward march of domestic machinery. Whatever happened to the gas-powered fridges we were promised in 1946? Or to the Dishmaster a decade later that promised to do «a whole day’s washing up in just three minutes»? Rather more clear is the reason why a 1902 Teasmade failed to catch on: «when the alarm clock triggered the switch, a match was struck, lighting a spirit stove under the kettle».You do not have to be a health and safety fanatic to conclude that a bedroom is not the ideal place for such a gadget. Equally disturbing to the modern reader is the prewar obsession with children getting fresh air. It was a belief so entrenched that even a voice of dissent merely argued that in winter, «The healthy child only needs about three hours a day in the open air, as long as the day and night nursery windows are always open.» Nowadays, the fresh air obsession has been replaced by irrational fears of horrors outside the home.It’s easier to laugh at the foibles of the past, and Highmore does not always resist a sense of modern superiority, though, for the most part, he’s an engaging and quirky guide, dispensing sociological insights without jargon. 90014 90003 The message is that even the language of the home has changed irrevocably: airing cupboards are going the same way as drawing rooms. As for that Billy Williams song, «By the 1980s», Highmore writes, «it would be impossible for anyone to imagine their front room as a ‘parlour’ without seeming deeply old-fashioned.»He’s not entirely correct, for there was at least one person who was still employing such terminology. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sold her message with the use of what she called ‘the parables of the parlour’, which suggests she understood the truth that, despite the catalogue of changes, there is a core that seems consistent. A 1946 edition of 90020 Housewife 90021 magazine spelt it out: «men make houses, women make homes». When you watch a male comedian today doing a routine about his wife’s attachment to scatter cushions, it seems worth asking: has the family dynamic really moved a great deal? 90014 90003 90004 31 90005 The reviewer’s main topic in the first paragraph is 90040 improvements in home decorating skills 90040 how common it was for home decorating to be discussed 90040 how unfair descriptions of home decorating used to be 90040 a change in attitudes to home decorating 90014 90003 90004 32 90005 In the second paragraph, the reviewer says that the book includes evidence illustrating 90040 that some British people’s homes were transformed more than others 90040 the widespread nature of changes that took place in British homes 90040 the perceived disadvantages of certain developments in British homes 90040 that the roles of certain people in British homes changed enormously 90014 90003 90004 33 90005 In the third paragraph, the reviewer points to a change in 90040 the extent to which different parts of the house are occupied 90040 ideas of which parts of a house should be furnished in a formal way 90040 how much time children spend in thei r own rooms 90040 beliefs about what the most pleasant aspect of home life is 90014 90003 90004 34 90005 The reviewer suggests in the fourth paragraph that 90040 most unsuccessful inventions failed because they were dangerous 90040 various unsuccessful inventions failed because they did not work properly 90040 some unsuccessful inventions were not advertised appropriately 90040 there were unsuccessful inventions which might have been good ideas 90014 90003 90004 35 90005 In the fifth paragraph, the reviewer says that in his book, Highmore 90040 sometimes focuses on strange ideas that were not very common in the past 90040 occasionally applies the standards of today to practices in the past 90040 occasionally expresses regret about how some attitudes have changed 90040 sometimes includes topics that are not directly relevant to the main topic 90014 90003 90004 36 90005 In the final paragraph, the reviewer suggests that Highmore may be wrong about 90040 when cer tain modern attitudes to home life first developed 90040 which changes in home life in Britain have been most widely welcomed 90040 the extent to which home life in Britain has changed 90040 how common terms such as ‘airing cupboards’ are in modern Britain 90014 90085 90003 90087 For this task: Answers with explanations :: Vocabulary 90088 90014 90090.90000 Russian Dacha as a Cultural Phenomenon 90001 90002 The word «dacha» comes from a verb — «dat ‘» — to give and the noun «dar» — gift. Since many years, receiving a plot of land for personal usage was a great and very much appreciated gift — whether it came from Tsar government or Soviet government. But the way people used that land did differ much in different times. One can not fully understand Russia without understanding the cultural context behind Russian dacha. 90003 90004 Dacha — Before the Revolution of 1917 90005 90002 At the tea table, by K.Korovin, 1888 90003 90002 First dachas in Russia appeared in the beginning of 18th century under Peter the Great. He wanted his subordinates to stay close to him even on vacations, so he granted them plots of land near St’Petersburg. These plots of land were strategically positioned on the way to Peterhof, Tsar’s residence, so he could always stop and see how his people are spending their free time. 90003 90002 In 1803 the famous Russian historian Karamzin wrote that in Summer Moscow gets empty, since people go to dachas.And by the mid 19th century, dachas became a favorite place to rest and to have fun for all aristocrats, who could afford such a pastime. Dachas were often simple wooden houses, but always had a terrace, where the inhabitants could dine, drink tea and entertain in the long summer evenings. Not all people owned dachas, some did rent them for summer and usually traveled to dacha together with an entire family and servants. Read Anton Chekhov if you want to learn more about dacha stories of that time! 90003 90004 Dacha — Soviet time 90005 90002 First sanatorium for agricultural workers in the World, Livadia, Crimea, 1931 90003 90002 October Revolution of 1917 brought with it a law, which forbid private ownership of land in Russia «forever».The idea behind it was that all citizens of the country will be able to use all the country resources, all people will be equal and none would be able to exploit other people or be more rich than they are. The new Soviet Republic values ​​were mainly collectivistic. And instead of individually owned dachas, general population got access to group recreational facilities such as sanatoriums. A popular Soviet phrase was: «All around me belongs to the people, all around me belongs to me». 90003 90002 There was however another saying — «everybody is equal, but some are more equal than others».Josef Stalin, who ruled the country from тисяча дев’ятсот двадцять чотири till 1953 was fond of a good countryside recreation himself. He had many dachas in the most picturesque parts of Russia — from Moscow region to the Black Sea. These were huge mansions, fully staffed and ready to welcome him any time he decides to show up. 90003 90002 Old dacha at the «writer’s village» 90003 90002 Stalin figured that granting such privilege as summer dacha to his closest people in the government and to the VIP people from culture and science élite will be very motivating for them.These dachas did not belong to their inhabitants, furniture and lamps had itinerary numbers on them, but these dachas were a big luxury and getting one was considered to be a huge privilege. To simplify things — dachas were grouped by the occupation — that is how we still have «villages» of writers, composers, artists, scientists etc. At that time all dachas were a place to rest, fish, collect berries and mushrooms, play sports and entertain with friends. 90003 90002 Growing produce at dacha 90003 90002 After the WW II, limited food resources in the country forced government to allow people to get plots of land and support families by growing veggies there.However, building a house on that plot was strictly forbidden. In the 60s, during Nikita Khrushchev’s time at power — ordinary people were finally allowed to get dachas. But it was so not easy to get one. Distribution was merit-based, one needed to fully comply with the ideology and wait in a long line, sometimes for many years. 90003 90002 «Dacha village» was different from a regular village. Small plots of land, high density of houses 90003 90002 These dachas were not as luxurious — it was usually just a tiny plot of land with a permission to build a small one-floor house there.Inhabitants still did not own it, but could use it for growing produce strictly for family consumption (not for sale). Still, people felt as if it was their own land, so getting a dacha became one the dreams of Soviet people, in the same line as getting an apartment or a car. There were many manipulations — how to get dacha quicker. In Russia law and rules were always particularistic, so if you knew somebody, you could get to the desired dacha much quicker. 90003 90002 Building a house was not easy as well.There was a deficit of construction materials. It is difficult to imagine that now, but one could not just go to a store and buy wood or bricks or anything else, one needed to «get» the needed materials somehow through his network of contacts or pay triple at the black market. 90003 90002 Preserves for winter 90003 90002 This was the time when the function of dacha started to morph — it became a place of hard work in the field rather than a place to rest and entertain. That function of dacha came in very handy in the turbulent times of the 90s, when food was scarce in the stores and people really supported their families by growing potatoes, cucumbers, fresh produce, berries and apples at their land.A lot of home-grown produce was conserved for winter in either pickled or salted form or as home-made jams. 90003 90002 Dacha, by V. Gubarev — a jocular way to portrait «soviet dacha» phenomena 90003 90004 Dacha — Modern Time 90005 90002 In the 90s was finally allowed to own property. That is another big and interesting story, but the outcome was that people started to buy dachas if they had money. Or, if they already had dachas, they could privatize them, officially making them the owned properties.Restrictions on the size of the land or number of floors in the house were also lifted. Finally, you could do whatever you want at your own land. Curious what happened next? 90003 90002 Typical dacha of a rich person in the 90s — red brick house, which is hidden behind a high red brick fence 90003 90002 People, who were always deprived of such array of choices started to experiment. Rich «New Russians» immediately started to build huge mansions at their small plots of land. A lot of these houses lacked taste or style.Generations of local people had not seen beautiful country houses and commercial industry in this area was not developed yet. Tradition of building wooden houses was replaced by building brick or stone ones. Dachas used to be just summer houses, but now many people started to build all year round houses. 90003 90002 Now, finally, the industry works as well as in any other country and if you want to build a beautiful house of any style — it will be built for you. But it will be pricey. As with any commercial goods and services in Russia — from clothes to manicures, you pay premium for good stuff! 90003 90002 Many typical dachas still have more land devoted to growing produce than to the rest area 90003 90002 So, how do people spend time at dachas now? That does vary.A lot of people still work all day, growing potatoes, cucumbers, strawberries etc. The majority of these people have full-time jobs in the city, they are not agricultural workers, but every Friday evening they leave the city to have a weekend of really hard work in the field. Needless to say — they have to cope with huge traffic jams on the way to dacha and back. Sometimes getting to a dacha which is 50-100 km from the city can take 3-4 hours. It is not possible to give a rational explanation of why they still continue growing potatoes, although they can easily buy them in any store.Economically it does not make sense, but people are irrational. For some growing produce is a habit, some (mostly older people) enjoy to cultivate land with their own hands, some like the idea of ​​organic produce or say that potatoes, grown in your own garden just taste better. 90003 90002 Another phenomena, which we, locals, call «Balcony, dacha, garbage can». It is a story of frugality, caused by deficit of things in stores during Soviet times and scarcity of storage areas in urban apartments.Russians do not like to throw things away, even if they do not need some things — they still keep them. This stuff first lands at the balcony, then moves to dacha and only if it is really old or completely broken, ends up in garbage. As a result of that, a lot of people wear old clothes at dacha. And the majority have stacks of old clothes at dachas even though there is no shortage of clothes in store any more. 90003 90002 Still, many people do think of dacha as place to have fun. These people mow their lawns and plant flowers, so they still have to do their share of field work to make their dacha look presentable.But instead of spending all time in the garden, they invite friends and entertain them, grill meat, eat strawberries sitting in gazebos, play sports and enjoy other recreational activities. Hopefully this will become a mass trend and more people will enjoy resting at dacha rather than working there! 90003 90002 Some pleasures at Dacha include: 90003 90002 This slideshow requires JavaScript. 90003 90002 I wish we return to Chekhov’s times and will see Russian Vogue publishing dacha’s couture section each summer.My ideal dacha is a place where people wear beautiful dresses, eat strawberries sitting in reclining chairs, while reading a book during the day and entertain friends in the evening! I want us to play charades or music, engage in sports, long walks at the picturesque areas, collect berries and mushrooms in the forest just for fun and enjoy all that! And I wish the problem of traffic to be solved somehow! That would be an «ideal dacha»! 90003 90002 90065 90066 Related 90067 90068 90003.